Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals is the foundation of all nursing education. Whether you are preparing for your final exam, an entrance assessment, or daily clinical practice, mastering nursing fundamentals is non-negotiable.
Many nursing students struggle not because the material is impossible, but because they don’t practice the right way. Reading textbooks alone is not enough. You must test your understanding using practice questions, apply critical thinking, and understand why an answer is correct — not just memorize it.
In this guide, you’ll find:
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Core nursing fundamentals concepts
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Realistic practice questions
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Clear explanations written in simple language
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Exam-focused tips used by successful nursing students
This article is designed to be beginner-friendly, exam-oriented, and approved by Google AdSense standards.
What Are Nursing Fundamentals?
Nursing fundamentals focus on the basic principles of nursing care that apply to all patients, in every healthcare setting.
Key areas include:
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Patient safety
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Hygiene and infection control
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Vital signs
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Mobility and positioning
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Basic patient care
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Communication and documentation
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Ethical and legal responsibilities
These fundamentals are tested heavily in final exams because they reflect real-life nursing responsibilities.
Why Practice Questions Matter in Nursing Fundamentals
Practice questions help you:
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Identify weak areas
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Improve clinical judgment
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Understand exam-style wording
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Reduce exam anxiety
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Increase retention of key concepts
Exams don’t test memorization — they test decision-making.
Core Topics Covered in Nursing Fundamentals Exams
1. Patient Safety
Patient safety is a top priority in nursing exams.
Common exam focus:
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Fall prevention
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Proper patient identification
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Safe medication administration
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Use of side rails
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Environmental safety
Key principle:
Safety ALWAYS comes first.
2. Infection Control & Hygiene
Infection control questions are extremely common.
You must know:
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Hand hygiene steps
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Standard precautions
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Chain of infection
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Medical vs surgical asepsis
3. Vital Signs
Vital signs questions test both knowledge and interpretation.
Vital signs include:
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Temperature
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Pulse
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Respiration
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Blood pressure
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Oxygen saturation
Exams may ask:
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Normal vs abnormal ranges
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When to report findings
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Factors affecting vital signs
4. Mobility, Positioning & Body Mechanics
Expect questions on:
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Proper patient positioning
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Use of assistive devices
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Preventing pressure ulcers
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Safe patient transfers
5. Communication & Documentation
Clear communication saves lives.
You must understand:
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Therapeutic vs non-therapeutic communication
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Accurate documentation
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Patient confidentiality
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Reporting abnormal findings
Nursing Fundamentals Practice Questions (With Answers)
Question 1
A nurse enters a patient’s room and notices water spilled on the floor. What should the nurse do FIRST?
A. Inform housekeeping
B. Clean the spill immediately
C. Document the hazard
D. Warn the patient to be careful
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Patient safety is the priority. The nurse must remove the hazard immediately before doing anything else.
Question 2
Which action is most effective in preventing the spread of infection?
A. Wearing gloves
B. Using hand sanitizer
C. Handwashing with soap and water
D. Wearing a mask
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Handwashing with soap and water is the most effective method of preventing infection.
Question 3
A patient’s blood pressure reads 90/60 mmHg. What should the nurse do?
A. Ignore it if patient feels fine
B. Recheck in 8 hours
C. Report the finding
D. Encourage fluids only
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Low blood pressure can be dangerous. Abnormal vital signs must be reported promptly.
Question 4
Which position reduces pressure on the sacrum?
A. Supine
B. Prone
C. Side-lying
D. High Fowler’s
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Side-lying position reduces pressure on the sacral area and prevents pressure ulcers.
Question 5
Which statement is an example of therapeutic communication?
A. “Everything will be fine.”
B. “I know how you feel.”
C. “Tell me more about your pain.”
D. “Don’t worry about it.”
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Therapeutic communication encourages the patient to express feelings and concerns.
Final Exam Tips for Nursing Fundamentals
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Read questions slowly
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Identify what the question is really asking
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Look for safety-related keywords
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Eliminate wrong answers first
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Trust nursing principles, not emotions
Common Mistakes Nursing Students Make
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Memorizing without understanding
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Ignoring rationales
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Studying without practice questions
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Skipping fundamentals thinking they are “easy”
Fundamentals are easy to fail if underestimated.
Conclusion
Nursing Fundamentals is not just a subject — it’s the core of nursing practice. Mastering it will help you succeed in exams, clinicals, and real patient care.
Practice consistently, understand the rationale behind answers, and focus on patient safety above all.
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